文献中常用的缩写

[ ]
concentration
[ion]1
intracellular
[ion]0
extracellular (not [ ]e)
AC
alternating current
ACh
acetylcholine
ACTH
adrenocorticotrop(h)ic hormone
A/D
converter analog–digital converter
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
AMP
adenosine monophosphate
AMPA
a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate
AMPA/KA
AMPA/kainate
ANOVA
analysis of variance
AP
anterioposterior (brain co-ordinate)
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
ATPase
adenosine triphosphatase
AVP
arginine vasopressin (as in ... the peptide AVP)
BAPTA
1,2-bis (O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N‚,N ‚-tetraacetic acid
Bay K5552
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid methyl-2-methylpropyl ester
Bay K 8644
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid-methyl ester
Bes
N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulphonic acid
bp
base pair
[Ca2+]1, [Ca2+]0
intra- or extracellular Ca2+ concentration
Ca2+1, Ca2+0
intra- or extracellular Ca2+
Ca2+-ATPase
cAMP
cyclic AMP
CAT (scan)
computerized axial tomography (scan)
CCD
camera charge-coupled device camera
cDNA
complementary DNA
cGMP
cyclic GMP
CNS
central nervous system
DAT
digital audiotape
DC
direct current
DIDS
4,4‚-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2‚-disulphonic acid
DMSO
dimethyl sulphoxide
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase
deoxyribonuclease (NB not DNAase)
DTL electrode
named for Dawson,Trick & Litzkow (1979)
DTT
dithiothreitol
DV
dorsoventral (brain co-ordinate)
EC50
median (or half-maximal) effective concentration
ECG
electrocardiogram
ED50
median (or half-maximal) dose
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EEG
electroencephalogram
EGTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(b-aminoethylether) N,N,N ‚,N‚-tetraacetic acid
EMF
electromotive field
EMG
electromyogram
EPSC
excitatory postsynaptic current
EPSP
excitatory postsynaptic potential
G protein (G-)
guanosine-binding protein
GABA
g-aminobutyric acid; also GABAA, GABAB for receptors
GDP-β-S or GDPβS
guanosine 5‚-O-(2-thiodiphosphate)
GMP
guanosine monophosphate
GTP
guanosine triphosphate
GTP-γ-Sor GTPγS
guanosine 5‚-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Hepes
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N‚-2-ethanesulphonic acid
Hepps
N-(hydroxy-2-ethyl)-piperazine-N‚-propanesulphonic acid
HPLC
high-pressure liquid chromatography
HRP
horseradish peroxidase
5-HT
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
I.A.
intra-arterial (small capitals)
IC50
concentration giving 50 % of maximal inhibition
ID50
dose giving 50 % of maximal inhibition
i.d.
internal diameter
Ig
immunoglobulin
IgA
immunoglobulin A
IgD
immunoglobulin D
IgE
immunoglobulin E
IgG
immunoglobulin G (IgG1)
IgM
immunoglobulin M
InsP3
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (tris- not tri-)
I.M.
intramuscular (small capitals)
I.P.
intraperitoneal (small capitals)
IPSC
inhibitory postsynaptic current
IPSP
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
IR
infrared
i.u./IU
international unit
I.V.
intravenous (small capitals)
k
Boltzmann steepness coefficient
K1/2
reciprocal of [ion] required for half-maximal inhibition
KD /Kd
dissociation constant
Ki
inhibition constant(also dissociation constant for enzyme–inhibitor complex)
Km
Michaelis-Menten constant
kb
kilobases or kilobytes
KIU
kallikrein inhibition unit
L-NAME
Nv-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (D-isomer is inactive)
log
logarithm
ln
natural logarithm
Mes
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulphonic acid
ML
mediolateral (brain co-ordinate)
Mops
3-(N-morpholino)propanesulphonic acid
mRNA
messenger RNA
MS-222
invertebrate anaesthetic (= tricaine)
[Na+]i, [Na+]0
intra- or extracellular Na+ concentration
NA
numerical aperture
NAD
nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide
NADH
reduced form of NAD
NMDA
N-methyl-D-aspartate; also N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
n.s.
not significant
nt
nucleotide(s)
o.d.
outer diameter
P
probability (p can be used if P is used for pressure, tension or permeability)
PCO2
partial pressure of CO2
PO2
partial pressure of O2
PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
PC
personal computer
PC12 cells
phaeochromocytoma cells
pCa
_log [Ca2+] (or other ion)
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
PGE
prostaglandin E
PGF2
prostaglandin F2; also PGF2a
pHi
intracellular pH
pHo
extracellular pH (not pHe)
Pipes
piperazine-N-N‚-bis(2-ethanesulphonic acid); also 1,4-piperazinediethane sulphonic acid
Q10
temperature coefficient over a 10 °C temperature range
r
correlation coefficient
RNA
ribonucleic acid
RT-PCR
reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
SBFI
indicator
S.C.
subcutaneous (small capitals)
S.D.
standard deviation (small capital)
SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate
SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
S.E.
standard error (used in regression analysis)
S.E.M.
standard error of the mean (small capitals)
SITS
4-acetamido-4‚-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2‚-disulphonic acid
Taps
tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-amino-propanesulphonic acid;also ([2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino)-1-propanesulphonic acid
UV
ultraviolet
TEA
tetraethylammonium
Tes
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulphonic acid;2((2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl) ethane sulphonic acid
Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
TTX
tetrodotoxin (tetrodioxin)
V1/2
membrane potential at half-maximal inactivation
Vmax
maximal velocity (in Boltzmann equation)
VIP
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (as in ... the peptide VIP
t
time constant
Non-science abbreviations
ca (italic)
circa (note no stop in contraction)
cf.
    (roman; not c.f.)
chap.
    chapter
DPhil
    (Oxford and Sussex)
Dr
    doctor (no stop)
ed.
   editor(s); eds not allowed
edn
   edition
e.g.
   (roman; not followed by comma)
eqn
   equation (e.g. eqn (1); eqns (4) and (7))
etc.
   et cetera
expt
    experiment (but Expt 1)
GmbH
   equivalent of Ltd in German
i.e.
    (roman; not followed by comma)
Jr
     junior (no stop)
Ltd l
   imited (not Ltd.; cf. Inc.)
Mrs
   )
Mr
   ) no stop
M s
   )
NB
    nota bene (no stops)
no. or No.
    number(s) (no. of experiments, No. 2)
nos
    plural of no. (no stop)
PhD
   no stops
plc
    public limited company
suppl.
    supplement
vol.
    volume
vs.
   (italic) versus
wt
   weight (weight for weight is w/w not wt/wt) (责任编辑：泉水)

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文献中常用的缩写